Gemstones in India are not just revered for their beauty but also their cultural, spiritual, and historical significance. From the famous Golconda diamonds to the luminous Kashmir sapphires, radiant coloured diamonds, and the richly hued spinels and garnets of Kashmir and Orissa, these treasures were seen as more than ornaments. Worn as powerful talismans, they were believed to guide destiny, enhance well-being, and offer divine protection. Temples glowed with gem-encrusted idols, and treasuries overflowed with precious stones like Burmese ruby, Russian emeralds, and freshwater pearls—each with its own legend. Several European traders travelled great distances to acquire them.